Effects of conditioning time and activated sodium bentonite on pellet quality, performance, intestinal morphology, and nutrients retention in growing broilers fed wheat-soybean meal diets
Ali Reza Abbasi Pour, Hassan Kermanshahi *, Abolghasem Golian
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of two conditioning times and different levels of activated sodium bentonite (ASB) on pellet quality, pellet mill energy usage, broiler perfor mance, internal organ weights, jejunal morphometry, and nutrients retention in wheat-soybean meal basal diets during grower period (day 11–24). During feed production, the electrical usage of the feed mill was recorded to measure relative electrical energy usage (REEU). Pelleted feed was sampled to evaluate pellet quality indices. Five hundred and forty day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were received crumbled starter diet until day 10. On day 11, chickens were individually weighed and randomly placed in 36 floor pens containing 15 birds each. Birds were assigned to a completely randomised design in factorial arrangement of 2 conditioning times (2 and 4 min) × 3 ASB levels (0.0, 7.5 and 15.0 g/kg).
Effect of Different Sodium Bentonite Levels on Performance, Carcass Traits and Passage Rate of Broilers
Hojat Damiri, Morteza Chaji*, Mohammad Bojarpour and Morteza Mamuei
The aim of this study was to investigate effects of different sodium bentonite (SB) levels on performance, carcass characteristics and passage rate of broilers. Two hundred eighty eight day-old Ross strain mix broilers were allocated to 6 experimental diets with 4 replications in a completely randomized design. Treatments levels of sodium bentonite were 0.00, 0.75, 1.50, 2.25, 3.00 and 3.75%. Broilers fed SB containing diets consumed more feeds (P<0.05) and showed better weight gain (P>0.05) with no difference across treatments containing SB. The diet with 3.75% SB had the best FCR. Relative weight of liver decreased as percentage of SB increased in diet while control group had highest relative weight of breast (P<0.05). Supplementation of diets by SB increased retention time and decreased gastrointestinal passage rate. The use of SB in broiler diets had no adverse effects on performance; addition SB to broiler diets had beneficial effects on performance, carcass characteristics and passage rate and resulted in improved efficiency of production.
Assessment of aflatoxin B1 adsorption efficacy of natural and processed bentonites: In vitro and in vivo assays
G.R. Nazparvar Soufiani, M. Razmara, H. Kermanshahi, A.L. Barrientos Velázquez, A. Daneshmand
The presence of aflatoxin B1 in livestock’s feed results in contamination of milk and its products with aflatoxin M1. Different sequestering agents have been added to cows’ ration to adsorb these toxins, although influence of processed bentonites on aflatoxins adsorption has not been evaluated yet. This experiment was carried out to assess the effects of incorporating natural and processed bentonite (local or commercially available), to the diet of Holstein dairy cows subjected to an aflatoxin B1 diet, and the transfer of aflatoxin metabolites (AFM1) to milk. Aflatoxin sequestering capacity, pH, CEC, XRD and XRF of natural and processed bentonites were measured. Then, twelve Holstein dairy cows were assigned to 3 treatments as the following: 1) local processed bentonite (G.Bind™), 2) local unprocessed bentonite (F), and 3) commercially available bentonite (M). Aflatoxin content in feed and milk was evaluated and transfer rate was measured.
The effect of steam or dry conditioning and sodium bentonite levels on pellet quality, performance and digestive tract development of growing broilers fed corn-soy based diet
A. Attar, H. Kermanshahi, A. Golian, and A. Abbasipour
The effect of steam conditioning time and different levels of sodium bentonite (SB) on pellet quality, performance and digestive tract development of growing broilers (11-24 d) fed corn-soybean meal based diet was studied. In a completely randomized design with a 3×3 factorial arrangement of treatments, three SB levels (0.00, 0.75 and 1.50%) and three conditioning times (0, 2 and 4 minutes) were evaluated. Steam conditioning in 2 and 4 minutes increased (P< 0.05) weight gain of the chickens when compared with those of birds in dry conditioning group. Birds fed diets conditioned in 2 and 4 minutes had similar (P> 0.05) weight gains. Addition of different levels of SB had no significant effect on weight gain.
Impact of sodium bentonite addition to the diets containing cottonseed meal on productive traits of hy-line w-36 hens
A. Gilani, H. Kermanshahi, A. Golian and A. Tahmasbi
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of cottonseed meal (CSM) treated with sodium bentonite (SB) on the performance of Hy-Line W-36 hens. A 3×3 factorial arrangement with 3 levels of SB (0, 10, and 20 g/kg) and 3 levels of CSM (0, 100, and 200 g/kg) was used with 9 dietary treatments of 4 replicates each. Nine mash diets were fed to 288 commercial Hy-Line W-36 hens from 51-63 weeks of age. Non-significant effect of SB, CSM, or their interaction were noted on egg specific gravity, shell weight percentage, shell thickness, or the percentage of soft-shelled, cracked, or broken eggs. Feeding a diet with a high level of CSM (200 g/kg) resulted in significant (P<0.05) reduction in hen-day egg production, egg weight, and daily egg mass. Hens fed 200 g CSM /kg had the most feed consumption, the worst feed conversion ratio, and the least hen-day egg production and daily egg mass.
In Vitro Binding Potentials of Bentonite, Yeast Cell Wall and Lactic Acid Bacteria for Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A
Damoon Ghofrani Tabari, Hassan Kermanshahi*, Abolghasem Golian, Reza Majidzadeh Heravi
Results: The various types of dead organic adsorbents were more capable of adsorbing toxins compared to the live ones. The processed bentonite was considerably more efficient in adsorbing aflatoxin B1 (93.51) compared to the other treatment groups (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed between the effects of yeast and bacterial cell walls in adsorbing aflatoxin B1. However, the bacterial cell walls (61.71) had higher adsorption efficiencies in adsorbing ochratoxin A than the processed bentonite and yeast cell walls (P<0.05).
Effects of conditioning time and sodium bentonite on pellet quality, growth performance, intestinal morphology and nutrient retention in finisher broilers
A. Attar, H. Kermanshahi & A. Golian
1. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of steam-conditioning time and different levels of processed sodium bentonite (PSB) on pellet quality, growth performance, intestinal development and morphology, and nutrient digestibilities in broilers during finisher period (d 24–45).
2. A total of 810 male chicks were reared in commercial conditions on floor pens till d 24. Then, birds were weighed and used in a completely randomised design experiment with a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement, including three levels of conditioning times (0, 2 and 4 min) and three PSB levels (0,7.5 and 15 g/kg diet). Each of the 9 diets fed to 6 replicates group of 15 birds each.
Appraisal of the impact of aluminosilicate use on the health and performance of poultry
Ali GILANI, Hassan KERMANSHAHI, Abolghasem GOLIAN, Saeed SEIFI
Aluminosilicates are feed additives used for multiple purposes in the poultry industry. Bentonites, zeolites, and kaolins are types of aluminosilicate compounds that appear in the marketplace due to their capabilities as mycotoxin adsorbents and other qualifications. While there are some differences among their efficacies, anecdotal evidence confirms that these additives ameliorate aflatoxicosis and manure ammonia emission, and improve the durability of pelleted diets. Furthermore, these supplements are safe at 0.2%–1% inclusion levels in the commercial diet of broilers and layers and did not have any adverse effects on productive indices, and even promoted birds’ performance.
Interactive effect of Sodium Bentonite with pigments on performance and egg quality of laying hens
H HASHEMIPOUR, Hassan KERMANSHAHI, M PILEVAR
In this experiment sodium bentonite was evaluated for its effect on egg yolk pigmentation and performance when synthetic pigment was added to the diet of laying hens. About 256 Hy-Line W-36 laying hens 35 weeks old were allocated to 8 experimental diets with 4 replicates each. Four levels of sodium bentonite (0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0%) and 2 levels of synthetic pigment (0.0 and 0.04%) were used for the 12 week experiment with a 4×2 factorial arrangement and a completely randomized design. Pigment was supplied by 20 g of lucantin and 20 g of xanthin that were diluted with 9960 g wheat bran. About 1 week before the experiment, the birds fed dietary treatments for adaptation. The measured records were feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg production, egg weight, specific gravity, shell percent, shell thickness and yolk color index. The addition of sodium bentonite decreased (p<O.05) the specific gravity and yolk color index compared to the control diet. The addition of pigment significantly increased specific gravity and as expected, increased the yolk color index compared to the control diet.
Efficacy of natural zeolite and pigments on yolk color and performance of laying hens
H. Kermanshahi, E. Haji Agha Jani, H. Hashemipour and M. Pilevar
An in vivo study was conducted to evaluate pigment adsorptive ability of a natural zeolite in laying hens. This experiment was performed with three hundred sixty Hy-line W-36 strain of laying hens at 43 weeks of age. After a two weeks adaptation period, they received six experimental diets with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. The experimental groups were fed with cornsoy-wheat based diets containing three levels of natural zeolite (0.0, 1.5 and 3.0%) and 2 levels of synthetic pigment (0.0 and 0.04%) for a 6-week period. Each treatment contained 60 birds, which were randomly divided into 4 replicates of 15 birds each. The results showed that egg production, egg weight, shell thickness and the shell percent values did not significantly differ between treatments, but that the yolk color index was significantly reduced and increased by the addition of zeolite and pigment levels to the diet, respectively.
The Effect of Sodium Betonites on Economic Value of Broiler Chickens Diet
H. Damiri, M. Chaji, M. Bojarpour, M. Eslami and M. Mamoei
Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate economic value of Sodium Bentonite (SB) originated from mines of Khorasan Province of Iran in broiler chickens diets. About 288 days old Ross strain broiler chickens were allocated to 6 experimental diets with 4 replications in a completely randomized design. Treatments were 0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3, 3.75% of sodium bentonite that used as top-dress. A basal diet was formulated according to NRC recommendations for starter (0-21 days) and grower (22-42 days) periods. The results showed that sodium bentonite had no significant effects on feed intake, feed conversion ratio, cost of 1 kg feed and cost of 1 kg meat production (p>0.05).
Effect of different level sodium bentonite on digestibility of broiler chickens
H. Damiri, M. Chaji, M., Bojarpour, M, Eslami, M.Mamoei
The aim of this study was to investigation the effects of sodium bentonite on digestibility in broiler chickens. In this study, 288 day-old Ross strain broiler chickens in a completely randomized design were allocated to six experimental diets with four replications in each replication, including 12 chickens treatments were of 0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3 and 3.75 percent sodium bentonite, which added as top- dress.
When the chicks reached 35 days old were slaughtered and their ileal contents were collected and analyzed in the laboratory. Dry matter, organic matter, crude fat and crude protein were measured. Treatments containing 1.5 percent sodium bentonite showed digestibility than other treatments.
The Effects of G-bind (Activated Alominosilicate) on Digestibility of Energy in Chicken Broilers at 42 Days of Age
Mostafa Mohammadi, Javad Nasr, Sayd Amir Hossein Mahdavi
This study was conducted to effects of G-bind (Activated Alominosilicate) on digestibility of energy on broilers in during finisher period. Materials and Methods: A total of 960 male one day old chick’s (Ross) 308 with 12 treatments and four replicates (20 male broiler) were used in a completely randomized design (3×4) with factorial arrangement. The treatments including: control (1) diets containing zero G-bind and 10% less energy (the energy level of the standard, according to NRC 1994), treatment (2) a diet containing 1% G-bind and 10% less energy, Treatment (3) a diet containing 2% G-bind and 10% less energy, Treatment (4) a diet containing 3% G-bind and 10% less energy, control (5) diets containing zero G-bind and energy standard, according to NRC 1994, treatments (6) diet containing 1% G-bind and energy level of the standard treatment (7) diet containing 2% G-bind and energy level of the standard treatment (8) diet containing 3% G-bind and energy level of the standard treatments Witness (9) diets containing zero percent G-bind and 10% more energy (the energy level of the standard, according to NRC 1994), treatment (10) diets containing 1% G-bind and 10 + percent more energy, treatment (11) diets containing 2% G-bind and 10% more energy and treatment (12) diets containing 3% G-bind and 10% more energy. At 42 days of age two broilers selected for sample Ileum and then determined the digestibility with marker method. Results: The Effects of treatments was significant on digestibility of energy at 42 days of age (P<0.05).Treatment 11 (+10% Energy + 2% G-bind) had the biggest digestibility of energy The results obtained from this experiment showed that the G-bind had significantly effect in the diet digestibility of broiler chickens at 42 days of age. Key words: G – bind (Activated Alominosilicate), Finisher, Broiler, Digestibility. Energy.
The Effects of G-bind (activated alominosilicate) on Digestibility of Energy in Chicken Broilers in Starter Period
Mostafa Mohammadi, Javad Nasr, Sayd Amir Hossein Mahdavi
This study was conducted the effects of G-bind (Activated Alominosilicate) on digestibility of energy on broiler in starter period. Materials and Methods: 960 one day old chick’s male broiler Ross 308 in 12 treatments four treatments with four replicates (20 male broiler) were used in the completely randomized 3×4 factorial design.
The treatments included: control (1) diets containing zero G-bind and 10% less energy (the energy level of the standard, according to NRC 1994), treatment (2) a diet containing 1% G-bind and 10% less energy, Treatment (3) a diet containing 2% G-bind and 10% less energy, Treatment (4) a diet containing 3% G-bind and 10% less energy, control (5) diets containing zero G-bind and energy standard, according to NRC 1994, treatments (6) diet containing 1% G-bind e and energy level of the standard treatment (7) diet containing 2% G-bind and energy level of the standard treatment (8) diet containing 3% G-bind and energy level of the standard treatments Witness (9) diets containing zero percent G-bind and 10% more energy (the energy level of the standard, according to NRC 1994), treatment (10) diets containing 1% G-bind and 10 + percent more energy, treatment (11) diets containing 2% G-bind and 10% more energy and treatment (12) diets containing 3% G-bind and 10% more energy. At the end of starter period two broiler selected for sample Ileum feces. Results: The Effects of treatments was significant on digestibility of energy in 21 day of age (P<0.05).Treatment 11 (+10% Energy + 2% G-bind) had the biggest digestibility of energy The results obtained from this experiment showed that the G-bind had significantly effect in the diet digestibility of broiler chickens in starter.
Effect of different levels of G-bind (activated sodium bentonite) on rumen bacteria activity and protozoa population in Arabi sheep
M.J. Khalifeh, T. Mohammadabadi, M. Chaji, S. Salari and K. Mirzadeh
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different levels of G-bind on rumen bacteria activity and protozoa population of Arabi sheep. Experiment was conducted using completely randomized design with twelve Sheep (4 head per each treatment) that fed with diets containing 2 and 4% G-bind at maintenance for 28 days. Treatments were including a basal diet (control), basal diet with 2% and basal diet with 4% of G-bind. Rumen fluid was taken after 3 hours after the morning feeding by vacuum pump. After staining with logol solution, methylene blue and brilliant green, morphology and protozoa population was counted by hemocytometer lam. Also digestibility of straw for 24, 48 and 96 hours incubation determined with using culture medium of rumen bacteria. The result showed that, protozoa numbers in the treatment containing G-bind were lower, (7.25 × 104, and 2.87 × 104 per ml for 2 and 4% respectively) (p<0.05). Species of Holotricha, in the diet containing 4% G-bind had generally omitted. Disappearance of dry matter and natural detergent fiber (NDF) by rumen bacteria at 24 hour incubation was the highest for 4 % G-bind (92.26 and 8.60 % respectively). Counting bacteria by MPN method showed that the greatest bacterial population was for 4% G-bind treatment. Therefore, the results suggests that using of 4 % G-bind had the appropriate effect on reduction of ciliate protozoa population, increase rumen bacteria populations and NDF digestibility in compared with 2 % G-bind.
The effect of different levels of Sodium Bentonite(G-Bind) on E-coli population of broilers faeces.
The aim of this study was to investigation the effects of sodium bentonite (G-Bind) on E-coli population in broiler chickens. In this study, 240 day-old Ross strain broiler chickens were allocated to 4 experimental diets with 4 replications in a completely randomized design. Treatment were 0,1,2, and 3% SB, which added as top-dress. Diets were formulated according to Nutrient Requirements of poultry (NRC, 1994). Data were analyzed by SPSS 17. At 21& 42 days of age, fresh feces were collected. The results showed that with increasing levels of sodium bentonite E-coli number decreased significantly.
Comparative effects of Sodium Bentonite (G-bind) on control ascites and blood parameters in broilers
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Bentonite sodium (G-bind) on ascites control and hematological parameters in broiler chickens. Two hundred fourty day old Ross broilers were distributed into 24 floor pens and reared for 42 days. A basal diet was formulated according to NRC (1994) recommendations for starter (1-11 d), grower (12-28 d) and finisher (29-42 d) periods. The restricted birds were fed 8 h per day from 7 to 21 (T7-21), 14 to 28 d (T14-28) or from 21 to 35d (T21-35), while the controlled birds were fed ad libitum. In this experiment, mortality and death due to ascites percents in all restricted treatment, especially in T7-21 and T14-28, was lower than those of control group (p<0.05). Furthermore, ascites incidence was reduced in birds under T7-21 and T14-28 as compared with control group. Birds under T21-35 had higher blood glucose than control and T7-21 treatments (p<0.05). Moreover, serum lactate dehydrogenase concentration was higher in restricted birds, but this differences was only significant in T14-28 and T21-35 than that of the control birds (p<0.05).
The fasibility of Aflatoxin elimination by Bentonite and Modified Clays
G.R. Nazparvar Soufiani,M. Razmara, H. Kermanshahi
Three bentonite samples (two from southern Khorasan (F and G) and one from foreign source (M)) were collected and analyzed for aflatoxin adsorbents: aflatoxin adsorption capacity, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic carbon, particle size distribution, and mineralogical and structural compositions.
Smectite was the dominant mineral phase in both clay fractions. Quartz and feldspars were also present in both samples. Results of this study indicated that the AFB1 adsorption capacity was significantly different between samples. Samples of bentonite adsorbent capacity AFB1 adsorption isotherm conditions in vitro, were evaluated. The results of the test samples M, G and F, respectively, 0.386 and 0.315 and 0.205 mol AFB1 per kg adsorbent showed.
This study proved that the modified clays (Montmorillonite than usual) the ability to reduce or eliminate aflatoxin toxicity have more. It seems that if Montmorillonite by cations such as Cu, Fe and Zn are pillared or be processed by the surfactants, the ability to remove a significant amount will increase.
